Sample Answer
For a payment API (e.g., POST /payments), I design idempotency around a client-provided Idempotency-Key. The request includes this key plus stable parameters (amount, currency, payment_method_id). On the backend (e.g., Kotlin + Spring Boot, PostgreSQL), I persist an Idempotency table: {idempotency_key PK, request_hash, payment_id, status, response_body, created_at, ttl}. On each call, I start a serializable or repeatable-read transaction, upsert the idempotency row with a unique constraint on idempotency_key. If the key exists, I verify the request_hash and instantly return the stored response, ensuring duplicates can’t create multiple charges. The payment record also has a unique business key (e.g., external_reference_id) to guard against logic bugs. I set a 24–48h TTL and index on (idempotency_key, created_at) to keep lookups O(log N) while controlling storage growth.
Keywords
Based on your hydrology and irrigation engineering background, explain how you would estimate the irrigation water requirement for a kharif crop in a semi-arid region of Gujarat. Walk me through each step: from reference evapotranspiration estimation, crop coefficient selection, effective rainfall calculation, to arriving at canal discharge for a given command area.
In your civil engineering studies, what specific design coursework or project work did you complete related to irrigation channels or canals (e.g., design of lined/unlined canals, distributaries, minors)? Describe one such design in detail, including how you determined discharge, permissible velocity, section dimensions, and lining choice for Gujarat-type soil and climate conditions.
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