Intermediatetechnical
Walk me through how you would design the data model and backend APIs for a feature that supports soft deletion and audit history for critical entities (e.g., users or orders).
Backend Developer
General

Sample Answer

(S) I implemented soft deletion and auditing for user accounts in a SaaS platform where regulatory requirements demanded a full change history. (T) The goal was to support soft delete, track who changed what and when, and keep query performance acceptable on a 10M+ row table. (A) I added a deleted_at and deleted_by column, and updated all read paths to filter out deleted records by default, with explicit flags for admin views. For auditing, I introduced an audit_log table with entity_type, entity_id, changed_by, changed_at, operation, and a JSONB diff of before/after state. Writes to the audit table were done in the same transaction as the main update to ensure consistency. I indexed frequently queried columns (entity_type, entity_id, changed_at) and added partitioning by month to keep queries fast. I exposed admin APIs to retrieve history and restore soft-deleted records. (R) This design let us meet audit requirements and respond to compliance requests in minutes instead of hours. Query performance remained within 10–15% of pre-change baselines, and we passed our next external audit with zero findings related to data history.

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