Sample Answer
At my previous company, I inherited a 6‑year‑old billing module—about 12k lines in a single Rails model with almost no tests and a bug rate of 8–10 support tickets per week. Before touching behavior, I added characterization tests around the public methods using real production scenarios pulled from anonymized logs. That got us from essentially 0 to ~55% coverage and gave us a safety net. Then I started incremental refactors: extracted small service objects for tax calculation and proration, added clear interfaces, and documented edge cases in code comments and ADRs. Each change was behind feature flags and shipped in small PRs under 300 lines, reviewed by at least one other engineer. Over about two months, we doubled coverage to ~80%, cut billing-related tickets by ~60%, and on‑call time for the team dropped noticeably. The code is now understandable enough that new hires ramp on it within a week.
Keywords
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