Technical Interview Coding Best Practices
The complete guide to acing coding interviews at top tech companies. Learn proven strategies for algorithm problems, system design, and live coding.
Technical coding interviews can be intimidating, but with the right preparation and approach, you can demonstrate your problem-solving skills effectively. This guide covers everything from solving algorithm problems to acing system design discussions.
The UMPIRE Problem-Solving Framework
Use this systematic approach for every coding problem to demonstrate clear thinking:
Clarify the problem. Ask questions about edge cases, constraints, and expected input/output.
Identify patterns. Does this relate to known algorithms or data structures?
Outline your approach before coding. Explain your strategy to the interviewer.
Write clean, readable code. Narrate as you code.
Walk through your code with a test case. Fix any bugs.
Analyze time and space complexity. Discuss optimizations.
Master These Data Structures
Arrays & Strings
Two pointers, sliding window, prefix sums
Hash Maps & Sets
O(1) lookup, counting, deduplication
Linked Lists
Fast/slow pointers, reversal, merging
Stacks & Queues
Parsing, BFS, monotonic patterns
Trees & Graphs
DFS, BFS, traversals, shortest path
Heaps
Top K, priority queues, scheduling
Tries
Autocomplete, word search, prefix matching
Union-Find
Connected components, cycle detection
Essential Algorithm Patterns
When to use: Sorted arrays, palindromes, pairs with target sum
💡 Tip: Start from both ends or use fast/slow pointers
When to use: Subarrays, substrings, consecutive elements
💡 Tip: Track window state efficiently; expand/contract as needed
When to use: Sorted data, search space reduction, finding boundaries
💡 Tip: Not just for finding elements—use for optimization problems
When to use: Trees, graphs, matrices, implicit graphs
💡 Tip: BFS for shortest path; DFS for exhaustive exploration
When to use: Optimal substructure, overlapping subproblems
💡 Tip: Start with recursion + memoization, then optimize to tabulation
When to use: Permutations, combinations, constraint satisfaction
💡 Tip: Generate candidates incrementally; prune invalid branches early
Interview Do's and Don'ts
- Think out loud throughout the process
- Ask clarifying questions before coding
- Start with a brute force solution
- Test your code with examples
- Discuss trade-offs and optimizations
- Use meaningful variable names
- Handle edge cases explicitly
- Coding in silence without explanation
- Jumping to code without planning
- Getting stuck without asking for hints
- Ignoring interviewer suggestions
- Using obscure language features
- Single-letter variable names everywhere
- Forgetting to analyze complexity
45-Minute Interview Time Management
Practice with Real Interview Problems
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